keni23

jThe ingredients of plants are distinct substances, formed by their secreting organs, and separable from each other without destructive distillation.
531. They are separated by certain solvents which have the power of dissolving some, but not the others. Thus water dissolves gum, but not resin ; while alcohol will take up the resin and leave the gu.-u, &c.
Obs. The solvents made use of for separating the ingredients of vegetables, are hot aud cold water, alcohol, ether, and some of the acids.
2. The following are the principal ingredients, or what are called the proximate principles of vegetables. Some account of the most important among them will be given.
1. Gum. 9. Fixed oil.
2. Sugar. ,10. VolatUe oil.
3. Starch. 11. Camphor.
4. Gluten. 12. Resins.
5 Extractive and Lignin 13. Narcotic principle.
6. Tannin. 14. Bituminous substances.
7. Colouring matter, 15. Vegetable acids.
8. Wax.
532. Gum. Gum Arabic may be taken as a specimen of pure gum. It dissolves in water forming a viscid solution, or mucilage from which it may be obtained in its original state by evaporation. It is insoluble in alcohol, which therefore causes a white precipitate in its aqueous solution.
Obs. 1. Gum is decomposed by sulphuric and nitric acids : the former produces water, acetous acid, and charcoal; tbe latter among other products converts a portion of the gum into a white acid substance, called mucous acid.
2. When gum is submitted to destructive distillation it affords carbonic acid, and carburetted hydrogen, empyreumatic oil, water, and a quantity of impure acetic acid.)
533. Sugar. Sugar may be extracted from a number of vegetables, and several roots, but is chiefly obtained from the sugar cane, a plant which thrives in hot climates. The juice of this plant is expressed and evaporated with the addition of a small quantity of lime, until it acquires a thick consistency; it is then transferred into wooden coolers, where a portion concretes into a crystalline mass which is drained, and then forms what is called muscovado or raw sugar. The liquor which is drained off is called molasses.
Ob Raw sugar is purified by the following process. It is dissolved in water mixed with lime and bullock's blood. This composition is agitated to mix the blood and water well together. The use of the lime is to mix with the molasses and render it more soluble, and consequently to facilitate its separation from the sugar. This operation is done in pans, under which a fire is now kindled, and when the liquor begins to boil, the albumen of the blood coagulates, rising to the top and bringing with it such impurities as the sugar contained. The liquor being kept gently simmering, the impurities are constantly rising to the surface, from whence they are removed by a skimmer. When the solution is judged to be sufficiently clear, it is placed in smaller pans and boiled rapidly until it becomes so thick, as that a small quanlitv beingf

Nike air max,Vans Old Skool,Monogram Multicolore